Keywords: wavelet neural network; Hybrid circuit; Current test; fault diagnosis
0 Introduction
With the rapid development of electronic technology and the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology, the complexity of the circuit is increasing and the chip size is decreasing. More and more mixed signal circuits are integrated on the system level chip, not just digital circuits or analog circuits. Because of the different testing methods of two circuits, traditional testing can no longer meet the development needs. This brings hitherto unknown challenges to designers, users and maintainers of the instrument and equipment, and also makes the detection of mixed mode signal circuits more and more seriously. The hybrid circuit fault diagnosis based on current test proposed in this paper is proposed under this background.
1. Theoretical knowledge of current test
Current test is to detect and locate the circuit fault by measuring the power supply current and effectively extracting the circuit fault information. It includes static current test technology IDDQ and dynamic current test technology IDDT.
When the circuit works normally, the quiescent current is very small, but the quiescent current of the defective circuit is very large. Therefore, when the quiescent current in the circuit is detected to be abnormal, it can be determined that the circuit has failed. This is also the principle of IDDQ test. However, some faults in CMOS circuits, such as open circuit fault, do not cause abnormal quiescent current. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce dynamic current test here. Based on this, this paper considers the combination of quiescent current and dynamic current test, rather than simple quiescent current test. IDDT is a short conduction current, that is, during the state transition of CMOS circuit, PMOS transistor and NMOS transistor are turned on at the same time, so that a conduction circuit is formed between power supply and ground, as shown in Figure 1. Since IDDT is the change of current in the process of dynamic conversion, the size of IDDQ does not affect its result. Therefore, it also avoids the influence of the increasing static leakage current of deep submicron circuits on the test. This paper studies the significance of the combination of the two in hybrid circuit fault diagnosis.
2 wavelet neural network for hybrid circuit fault diagnosis
Wavelet neural network is a combination of wavelet analysis theory and artificial neural network ANN theory. At present, there are two ways to combine the two:
(1) Loose combination. That is, wavelet analysis, as a preprocessing means of neural network, provides input eigenvectors for neural network.
(2) Compact combination. Wavelet and neural network are fused directly, that is, wavelet function and scale function form neurons.
This paper adopts the combination of loose wavelet and neural network. Firstly, the modeling and Simulation of normal circuit and fault circuit are carried out through PSpice, and the static current IDDQ and dynamic current IDDT parameters are extracted. The characteristics of the obtained current are extracted by wavelet analysis in MATLAB, and analyzed in combination with neural network. The steps are as follows:
(1) Parameter extraction. The current information of normal circuit and various fault circuits with bridge fault, open circuit fault and so on are extracted in PSPICE.
(2) Wavelet analysis. The current information obtained in (1) is decomposed by wavelet in MATLAB, the wavelet coefficients are extracted, and the RMS is further calculated.
(3) Fault location. Wavelet analysis and BP neural network are combined to analyze and judge the positioning effect. The specific steps are shown in Figure 2.
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